mulberry

 Mulberry

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 Description of Mulberry

The mulberry is a small tree native to warmer and tropical climates. It is most prevalent in India, Japan and China where the white mulberry is cultivated as the exclusive food of silk worms. Other cultivars are harvested in great quantity as prime food for livestock. The red or American Mulberry is commonly found in the central and southern United States where its fruit has enjoyed fame as a tasty preserve.

Mulberry has a long history of medicinal use predominantly as a heart tonic dating back to early Chinese and Ayurvedic (Indian) medicine. More recently, research has discovered a treasure of healthy and active phytonutrients which are quickly working their way into modern alternative remedies. This research has indicated significant findings in the control of high blood pressure, arthersclerosis, insulin resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Other nutrients include proteins, sugars, polyphenols, steroids, triterpenes, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, sodium, potassium and flavonoids.

Key Uses of Mulberry

  • Control of High Blood Pressure
  • Atherosclerosis
  • control of Cholesterol
  • Diabetes
  • Weight loss
  • Clinical Applications of Mulberry

    Balancing of High Blood Pressure and Suppression of atherosclerosis - acting as an anti-oxidant, active ingredients in Mulberry inhibit the oxidation of LDL (bad cholesterol) which contributes to plaque build-up in the arteries.

    Insulin resistance, Type 3 Diabetes - strongly inhibits the intestinal metabolism of disaccharides (especially sucrose), thereby restricting by up to 50% the amounts of sugar entering the circulation.

    Weight loss - this same mechanism reduces calorie absorption by up to 35%.

    How Mulberry Works

    Mulberry functions through two main pathways which effect a series of health issues. Japanese scientists have determined two of the most active agents are astragalin, and isoquercitrin, which metabolises into quercitin, a potent anti-oxidant. Quercitin acts to inhibit the oxidation of LDL- cholesterol, the bad cholesterol that contributes to the plaque build-up known as atherosclerosis. This helps to significantly lower total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, while significantly increasing HDL-cholesterol levels. It also is instrumental in the correction of blood pressure.

    Mulberry contains a third important constituent, 1-deoxynojirimycin which inhibits the alpha-glucosdase enzymes in the stomach that break down the starches and carbohydrates into absorbable glucose molecules. It's estimated that this restricts nearly 50% of the sugar from entering the circulation and possibly as much as 35% of the calories. This reduces both the blood glucose and insulin levels that typically spike after meals, especially meals high in carbohydrates. The stabilization of blood sugar levels contributes to the control of Type 2 Diabetes.

    Safety of Mulberry

    In many clinical trials, Policosanol has show virtually no serious side effects and is generally considered safe for use in adults. No drug interactions have been observed.

    Precautions of Mulberry

    Use cautiously in patients taking blood pressure or diabetes medication in case of additive effect.

    Recommended Amounts of Mulberry

    Because herbs also contain active chemical substances which can and will interact with others, no herb or drug should be taken without first consulting with one's physician.

    The recommended starting dose is 250mg - 500mg twice a day

    Mulberry Research

    1) Singh T, Wu JH, Peumans WJ, Rouge P, Van Damme EJ, Wu AM, Recognition profile of Morus nigra agglutinin (Morniga G) expressed by monomeric ligands, simple clusters and mammalian polyvalent glycotopes. Mol Immunol. 2006 Mar 30;[Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16581130.

    2) Yuan AH, Ma J, Jiang XF, Li S. Screening of glucosidase inhibitors from various fractions of mulberry leaves] Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Feb;31(3):223-7. Chinese. PMID: 16573004

    3) Datta S. Effects of Cina on root-knot disease of mulberry. Homeopathy. 2006 Apr;95(2):98-102. PMID: 16569626

    4) Parthasarthy A, Gopinathan KP, Transcriptional activation of a moderately expressed tRNA gene by positioned nucleosome. Biochem J. 2006 Mar 9; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16526940

    5) Da Silva ML, Kamath R, Alvarez PJ. , Effect of simulated rhizodeposition on the relative abundance of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon catabolic genes in a contaminated soil. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006 Feb;25(2):386-91.

    6) Takeda E., Acute eosinophilic pneumonia suggesting the involvement of health food] Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi. 2006 Jan;44(1):34-8. Japanese. PMID: 16502864 .

    7) Wang KH, Lin RD, Hsu FL, Huang YH, Chang HC, Huang CY, Lee MH,Cosmetic applications of selected traditional Chinese herbal medicines. J Ethnopharmacol. 2006 Feb 21; [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 16497459 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher.

    8) Kamath R, Schnoor JL, Alvarez PJ, A model for the effect of rhizodeposition on the fate of phenanthrene in aged contaminated soil. Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Dec 15;39(24):9669-75. PMID: 16475350.

    9) Kang TH, Oh HR, Jung SM, Ryu JH, Park MW, Park YK, Kim SY, Enhancement of neuroprotection of mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) prepared by the anaerobic treatment against ischemic damage. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Feb;29(2):270-4. PMID: 16462030

    10) Kang J, Chen RY, Yu DQ, Five new diels-alder type adducts from the stem and root bark of Morus mongolica. Planta Med. 2006 Jan;72(1):52-9. PMID: 16450296.

    11) Konno K, Ono H, Nakamura M, Tateishi K, Hirayama C, Tamura Y, Hattori M, Koyama A, Kohno K.,

    12) Mulberry latex rich in antidiabetic sugar-mimic alkaloids forces dieting on caterpillars. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jan 31;103(5):1337-41. Epub 2006 Jan 23. PMID: 16432228

    13) Hirayama C, Ono H, Tamura Y, Nakamura M., C-prolinylquercetins from the yellow cocoon shell of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Phytochemistry. 2006 Mar;67(6):579-83. Epub 2006 Jan 23. PMID: 16430932

    14) Fuchikami H, Satoh H, Tsujimoto M, Ohdo S, Ohtani H, Sawada Y., Effects of herbal extracts on the function of human organic anion-transporting polypeptide oatp-B. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):577-82. Epub 2006 Jan 13. PMID: 16415120.

    15) Kim H, Yoon YJ, Shon JH, Cha IJ, Shin JG, Liu KH, Inhibitory effects of fruit juices on cyp3a activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Apr;34(4):521-3. Epub 2006 Jan 13. PMID: 16415112

    16) Kwon HJ, Hyun SH, Choung SY.Traditional Chinese Medicine improves dysfunction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein on abnormalities in lipid metabolism in ethanol-fed rats. Biofactors. 2005;23(3):163-76. PMID: 16410638

    17) Dai SJ, Lu ZM, Chen RY, Yu DQ., Structure and spectral characteristics of Diels-Alder type adducts from Morus] Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2005 Oct;40(10):876-81. Chinese. No abstract available. PMID: 16408801

    18) Seldes RM, Abramchayev, Arthroscopic insertion of a biologic rotator cuff tissue augmentation after rotator cuff repair. Arthroscopy. 2006 Jan;22(1):113-6. PMID: 16399470

    19) Bhattacharya E, Dandin SB, Ranade SA, Single primer amplification reaction methods reveal exotic and indigenous mulberry varieties are similarly diverse. J Biosci. 2005 Dec;30(5):669-77. PMID: 16388141

    20) Christmas DA, Mirante JP, Yanagisawa E., Endoscopic view of 'mulberry hypertrophy' of the inferior turbinates. Ear Nose Throat J. 2005 Oct;84(10):622-3. No abstract available. PMID: 16382738 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

    21) Cui L, Na M, Oh H, Bae EY, Jeong DG, Ryu SE, Kim S, Kim BY, Oh WK, Ahn JS.

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

     


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