astragalus benefits membranaceus herb root

Astragalus Membranaceus Herb & Root

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Astragalus Herb & Roots

Astragalus Membranaceus is a perennial member of the flowering legume (pea) family. It is indigenous to the northern and eastern parts of China and Mongolia where the astragalus root has been used for several thousand years in a variety of herbal mixtures to treat everything from diseases of the heart, liver and kidneys, to viral infections, cancer and immune disorders. Chinese Medicine considers astragalus herb to be one of the most important herbal tonics and as such it is valued for its ability to strengthen the primary energy of the body which we know as the immune system, as well as the metabolic, respiratory and eliminative functions.  This fact is being increasingly substantiated by western research.

Astragalus first appeared in the west in the1800's, used by herbalists as a tonic and an ingredient in many herbal remedies. But it wasn't until the 1970's when research began to confirm it's abilities to stimulate the immune system and fight viruses and bacteria, subdue inflammation and protect the liver that it was brought it into popular use in the alternative medicine markets. There is evidence that this herb has far-reaching effects on the over all functioning and balance of the body, normalizing body functions and regenerating tissues.

Key Uses & Benefits of Astragalus Root & Herbs

  • Colds
  • Influenza
  • Immune system booster
  • Cardiovascular Disease
  • Persistent respiratory or systemic infections
  • Fatigue or lack of appetite especially associated with chemotherapy
  • Anemia
  • Clinical Applications of Astragalus

    Strengthen Immune System: Astragalus's primary function is as an immune stimulator supporting and enhancing the body's own defense system while controlling autoimmune issues. Astragalus stimulates the production of T cell, Natural Killer (NK) cell, macrophages, immunoglobulin, interferon all important function that the body uses to fight viruses.

    Colds and Flu:  It is also effective against bacteria and viruses and is therefore helpful in treating flu's, colds, and various infections. Astragalus is most effective when taken at the first signs of a cold or flu.

    Antioxidant: Astragalus is a strong anti-oxidant, many more times more potent than even vitamin E. This is provided principally by its  flavonoids and saponins and to a lesser extent its polysaccharides compounds.

    Cardiovascular Support: An 82.6% EKG improvement was reported in a sturdy of 92 patients with ischemic heart disease.

    Extreme fatigue, especially due to chemotherapy: studies have shown that Astragalus is helpful in reinvigorating the strength of cancer patients and possibly even help in their recovery. Instrumental to this function is its involvement in protecting white blood cells from destruction radiation.

    Anemia: Research has shown Astragalus to have significant blood-building capabilities.

    How Astragalus Works

    The constituents of the root include: polysaccharides, flavonoids, Triterpene gylcosides and amino acids. The polysaccharides provide a powerful antioxidant effect, fighting the cellular damage caused by free radicals.

    Astragalus root increase the number of stem cells in lymph tissue and bone marrow, and encourages their development into active immune cells. It is also known to stimulate the body’s natural production of interferon and immunoglobulin. It stimulates white blood cell (macrophage) activity, T cell, NK cell and promotes adrenal cortical function.

    Over all Astragalus appears to provide the support components to help normalize body defense functions.  And while it has not shown anti-tumoral activity, it actively stimulates those components which are most instrumental in the body's own fight against cancer.

    Astragalus Side Effects & Safety

    Astragalus has no know side effects and is considered safe even for long-term use, however if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, you should consult with your physician before taking any medication, including herbs.

    Doses as high as 100 grams per kg of body weight have been given to mice with no adverse effects.

    Precautions for Astragalus

    Astralagus has a mild anticoagulant effect caution advised for patients on blood-thinning medications. Also caution is advised for those with organ transplants due to its ability to boost immune activity.

    Recommended Amount of Astragalus Herb & Root

    Because herbs also contain active chemical substances which can and will interact with others, no herb or drug should be taken without first consulting with one's physician.

    500 to 1000 milligrams of root capsules taken 3 times daily or 250 to 500 milligrams of extract taken 4 times daily

    Pediatric: Astragalus may be used in children to support the immune system. The dose should be determined by adjusting the recommended adult dose to account for the child's weight. Most herbal dosages for adults are calculated on the basis of a 150 lb (70 kg) adult. Therefore, if the child weighs 50 lb (20 to 25 kg), the appropriate dose of astragalus for this child would be 1/3 of the adult dosage. This dose should be taken once daily for up to one month.

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    Astragalus Membranaceus Research

    1) Khoo KS, Ang PT. Extract of astragalus membranaceus and ligustrum lucidum does not prevent cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Singapore Med J. 1995 Aug;36(4):387-90.

    2) Sun Y, Hersh EM, Lee SL, McLaughlin M, Loo TL, Mavligit GM. Preliminary observations on the effects of the Chinese medicinal herbs Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum on lymphocyte blastogenic responses. J Biol Response Mod. 1983;2(3):227-37.

    3) Kitagawa I, Wang H, Takagi A, et al. Chemical constituents of Astragali radix, the root of Astragalus membranaceus bunge.(1). Cycloastragenol, the 9,19-cyclolanostane-type aglycone astragalosides, and the artifact aglycone astrgenol. Chem Pharm Bull 1983;31:689.

    4) Kitagawa I, Wang H, Saito M, et al. Chemical constituents of Astragali radix, the root of Astragalus membranaceus bunge. (2). Astragalosides, I, II, IV, acetylastragaloside I and isoastragalosides I and II. Chem Pharm Bull 1983;31:698.

    5) Kitagawa I, Wang H, Saito M, Yoshikawa M. Chemical constituents of Astragali radix, the root of Astragalus membranaceus bunge. (3). Astragalosides III, V, and VI. Chem Pharm Bull 1983;31:709.

    6) He Z, Findlay J. Constituents of Astragalus membranaceus. J Nat Prod 1991;54:810.

    7) Kitagawa I, Wang H, Yoshikawa M. Chemical constituents of Astragali radix, the root of Astragalus membranaceus bunge. (4). Astragalosides VII and VIII. Chem Pharm Bull 1983;31:716.

    8) Lin LZ, He XG, Lindenmaier M, et al. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study of the flavonoids of the roots of Astragalus mongholicus and A. membranaceus. J Chromatogr A 2000;876:87-95.

    9) Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone; 2000:273-279.

    10) Jiao Y, Wen J, Yu X. Influence of flavonoid of Astragalus membranaceus’s stem and leaves on the function of cell mediated immunity in mice. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1999;19:356-358.

    11) Toda S, Shirataki Y. Inhibitory effects of Astragali radix, a crude drug in Oriental medicines, on lipid peroxidation and protein oxidative modification by copper. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;68:331-333.

    12) Wang D, Shen W, Tian Y, et al. Protective effect of active components extracted from Radix astragali on human erythrocyte membrane damages caused by reactive oxygen species. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1996;21:746-748, 763.

    13) Chen LX, Liao JZ, Guo WQ. Effects of Astragalus membranaceus on left ventricular function and oxygen free radical in acute myocardial infarction patients and mechanism of its cardiotonic action. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995;15:141-143.

    14) Wang DC. Influence of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) polysaccharide FB on immunologic function of human periphery blood lymphocyte. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1989;11:180-183.

    15) Zhao XZ. Effects of Astragalus membranaceus and Tripterygium hypoglancum on natural killer cell activity of peripheral blood mono-nuclear in systemic lupus erythematosus. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1992;12:679-671,645.

    16) Chu DT, Lin JR, Wong W. The in vitro potentiation of LAK cell cytotoxicity in cancer and AIDS patients induced by F3 - a fractionated extract of Astragalus membranaceus. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1994;16:167-171.

    17) Weng XS. Treatment of leucopenia with pure Astragalus preparation - an analysis of 115
    leucopenic cases. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995;15:462-464.

    18) Huang ZQ, Qin NP, Ye W. Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with viral myocarditis. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995;15:328-330.

    19) Yuan WL, Chen HZ, Yang YZ, et al. Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on electric activities of cultured rat beating heart cells infected with Coxsackie B-2 virus. Chin Med J 1990;103:177-182.

    20) Yang YZ, Jin PY, Guo Q, et al. Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on natural killer cell activity and induction of alpha- and gamma-interferon in patients with Coxsackie B viral myocarditis. Chin Med J 1990;103:304-307.

    21) Qian ZW, Mao SJ, Cai XC, et al. Viral etiology of chronic cervicitis and its therapeutic response to a recombinant interferon. Chin Med J 1990;103:647-651.

    22) Yoshida Y, Wang MQ, Liu JN, et al. Immunomodulating activity of Chinese medicinal herbs and Oldenlandia diffusa in particular. Int J Immunopharmacol 1997;19:359-370.

    23) Wang Y, Qian XJ, Hadley HR, Lau BH. Phytochemicals potentiate interleukin-2 generated lymphokine-activated killer cell cytotoxicity against murine renal cell carci-noma. Mol Biother 1992;4:143-146.

    24) Zee-Cheng RK. Shi-quan-da-bu-tang (ten significant tonic decoction), SQT. A potent Chinese biological response modifier in cancer immunotherapy, potentiation and detoxification of anticancer drugs. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1992;14:725-736.

    25) Lau BH, Ruckle HC, Botolazzo T, Lui PD. Chinese medicinal herbs inhibit growth of murine renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biother 1994;9:153-161.

    26) Purmova J, Opletal L. Phytotherapeutic aspects of diseases of the cardiovascular system. 5. Saponins and possibilities of their use in prevention and therapy. Ceska Slov Farm 1995;44:246-251.

    27) Luo HM, Dai RH, Li Y. Nuclear cardiology study on effective ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus in treating heart failure. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995;15:707-709.

    28) Li SQ, Yuan RX, Gao H. Clinical observation on the treatment of ischemic heart disease with Astragalus membranaceus. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995;15:77-80.

    29) Lei ZY, Qin H, Liao JZ. Action of Astragalus membranaceus on left ventricular function of angina pectoris. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1994;14:199-202,195.

    30) Hong CY, Ku J, Wu P. Astragalus membranaceus stimulates human sperm motility in vitro. Am J Chin Med 1992;20:289-294.

    31) Miller LG. Herbal medicinals: selected clinical considerations focusing on known or potential drug-herb interactions. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:2200-2211.

    32) Chang H, But P. Pharmacology and Applications of Chinese Materia Medica, Vol 2. Singapore: World Scientific; 1987:1041-1046.

    33) Peng T, Riesemann H, Kandolf R. The inhibitory effect of Astragalus membranaceus on coxsackie B3 virus RNA replication. Chin Med Sci J 1995;10:146-150.

    34) Guo Q, Peng TQ, Yang YZ. Effect of Astragalus membranaceus on Ca 2 + influx and coxsackie virus B3 replication in cultured neonatal rat heart cells. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1995;15:483-485.

    35) He J, Li Y, Wei S, et al. Effect of mixture of Astragalus membranaceus, Fructus Ligusti lucidum and Eclipta prostrata on immune function in mice. Hua Hsa I Ko Ta Hseuh Hseuh Pao 1992;23:408-411.

    36) Upton R, ed. Astragalus Root: Analytical, quality control, and therapeutic monograph. Santa Cruz, CA: American Herbal Pharmacopoeia. 1999:1-25.

    37) Zhao KS, Mancini C., Doria G. Enhancement of immune response in mice by Astragalus membranaceus extracts. Immunopharmacology Nov-Dec;20(3):225-33. 1990

    38) Sun Y, Hersh EM, Lee SL, et al. Preliminary observations on the effects of the Chinese medicinal herbs Astragalus membranaceus and Ligustrum lucidum on lymphocyte blastogenic responses.

    39) Shao CR, Chen FM Tang YX. Clinical and experimental study on Ligusticum wallichi mixture in preventing and treating bronchial asthma. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1994;14:465-468.

    40) Chen KJ, Chen K. Ischemic stroke treated with Ligusticum chuanxiong. Chin Med J 1992;105: 870-873.

    41) Shao CR, Chen FM Tang YX. Clinical and experimental study on Ligusticum wallichi mixture in preventing and treating bronchial asthma. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1994;14:465-468.

    42) Purmova J, Opletal L. Phytotherapeutic aspects of diseases of the cardiovascular system. 5. Saponins and possibilties of their use in prevention and therapy. Ceska Slov Farm 1995;44:246-251.

    43) Luo HM, Dai RH, Li Y. Nuclear cardiology study on effective ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus in treating heart failure. Chung Kuo Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1995;15:707-709.

    44) Zhao KW, Kong HY. Effect of Astragalan on secretion of tumor necrosis factor in human peripheral mononuclear cells. Chung Kuo Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih 1993;13:263-265.

     

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